Amber is made of fossilized conifer resin. It has a range of color, from light to cognac to a rich dark. Sometimes insects are present in the amber matrix. The stone has long been associated with healing energy.
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To find gemstones that are both exquisitely beautiful and have transparent, ethical sourcing is difficult. Gemstones are valued based on saturation, hue, depth of tone, cut and inclusions.
Tourmalines are a complex silicate composed of aluminum and boron with other lesser mineral content which determine their wide variety of color. They are found in veins of metamorphic and igneous rock in many parts of the world, including the Americas and Asia.
Garnets have been appreciated and sought after for thousands of years – they are found in the jewelry of the ancient Egyptians. Some people wore them as a talisman for protection on journeys, believing that that the high refraction of this beautiful gemstone brings light to the darkness, protecting one from evil.
Quartz, with a chemical composition of silicon dioxide, is one of the most widely distributed minerals in the earth's crust. It's form is hexagonal, prismatic and crystalline, and it has a hardness of 7.
Tourmalines, a gem that is mined all over the world, display a spectrum of color. The ancient Egyptians believed the gem originate in the heart of the earth and traveled to the sun on the back of a rainbow. The word itself is from Sri Lanka, where much tourmaline is mined.
Pearls have universally been used for adornment for thousands of years. They are formed by irritants within the flesh of the oyster which over time are calcified into something beautiful.
Lapis was once a very expensive gem, until the collapse of Afghanistan, which has the finest reserves in the world, in the Badakhshan Mountains.